Aflatoxin in Milk and Dairy Products
Written by Dr. Motawee
Aflatoxin is a collective term that refers to a group of highly toxic and carcinogenic substances produced by the common molds Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Parasiticus during their growth on foods and feeds.
Our concern with aflatoxin and the toxigenic aspergilli is twofold.
First, there is the potential hazard to health of consuming even small amounts of aflatoxin. Second, the toxiginic aspergilli are widely distributed in nature, and hence the likelihood is great that they will contaminate food and feeds.
Aflatoxin sometimes can appear in milk, cheese and other dairy products. that Aflatoxin can appear in milk has been recognized since 1962 by Allcroft,et.all.
There are more research on this subject has been done all over the world specially in West Europe, and particularly in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Two events occurred recently in the United States which have served to direct our attention to the problem of aflatoxin in milk and milk products.
The first of these events in the south-eastern states of the U.S. where corn harvested in the fall of 1977 often contained appreciable amount of Aflatoxin. Feeding of such corn to dairy cattle resulted in aflatoxin in the milk products by the cows.
This prompted the food and Drug Administration to establish a maximum of 0.5 (ppb) part per billion of AFM1 as allowable in fluid milk that enters interstate commerce.
The second event happened in the summer of 1987 when dairy cows in Arizona were fed contaminated cottonseed and milk produced by the cows contained AFM1
Routes By which Aflatoxin Can Get Into Milk And Milk[
Products
Routes By which Aflatoxin Can Get Into Milk And Milk[
Products
Aflatoxin can get into milk in one way and into milk products in two ways.
Milk becomes contaminated only when cows consume feed that contains AFB1,
Usually some of the ingested AFB1 is converted to AFM1 by the liver of the cow and this form of aflatoxin is excreted in the milk. Products made from such milk will also contain AFM1. In addition to the growth of toxigenic aspergillus on a dairy products also can result in contamination of that product which one or several of aflatoxins.
showed the routes of contamination from Aspergillus spp to milk and other dairy products.
When a cow consumes aflatoxin-contaminated feed, the feed first enters the rumen which contains large numbers of a variety of micro organisms, the rumen fluid can degrade approximately 40% of aflatoxin and that aflatoxin may disturb the microbial population in the rumen.
Approximately, from 1 to 3 % of Aflatoxin B1 will be excreted as AFM1 in milk. we must be know AFM1 begins to appear in milk about 12 h after the cow consumes the toxin.
Finally, aflatoxin cause much damage for human and animal health
THE EFFECT OF AFLATOXIN ON DAIRY COWS
*Decreased milk production
*Normal or below normal body temperature
*Dry, peeling skin on muzzle (mouth)
*prolapse of the rectum
*Edema in the abdominal cavity
*complete lethargy and anorexia
*Elevated blood levels of cholesterol, glutamic oxalic transaminase, Lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase
THE EFFECT OF AFLATOXIN ON HUMAN HEALTH:
Liver damage and carcinogenic (Liver, Stomach and Lungs Cancer) ]Reye’s syndrome ( Lipolysis of intestine for children )
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Friday, Jun. 26, 2009
New Food Science Study Findings Have Been Reported
"The effect of feta cheese manufacture on aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)) content was studied using an enzyme immunoassay technique. Feta cheese was made from milk spiked with 1 and 2 mu g AFM(1) per kilogram milk," researchers in the United States report (see also Food Science). … At 18 degrees C, no further losses of AFM(1) occurred after 30 d, and at 6 degrees C, there was continued slight decrease in AFM(1) levels until 50 d. After 60 d of brining, there was a total loss of 25% and 29% of the AFM(1) originally present for cheese brined at 6 and 18 degrees C, respectively," wrote M.M. Motawee and colleagues, Utah State University.
(Science Letter, US, 06/30/2009)
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